Goings On About Town: Art
Reed Bontecou
Through November 12
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| Thomas Yourall, Private Company C, 3rd US Artillery |
The 43 albumen photographs on view at Robert Anderson Gallery compromise a rare, and for the most part, first time ever public view of the unique medical images by Reed Brockway Bontecou, MD, Surgeon in-Charge of Harewood U.S. Army General Hospital, Washington, D.C., from the Collection of Stanley B. Burns, MD. In recognition of the sesquicentennial of the Civil War, Robert Anderson Gallery offers this rare collection of albumen portraits and cartes de visites of wounded soldiers, selected from Bontecou’s personal albums. The photographs represent a unique opportunity to view some of the most moving documents of the Civil War and the associated human casualties.
Reed Bontecou was responsible for pioneering, and taking, the largest number of photographs of wounded soldiers during the Civil War and was the single largest contributor of photographs and specimens to the Army Medical Museum and medical publications of the time. His close up images of surgery, anesthesia, and patients posing with their pathological specimens were unique to his time. Many photographs are of patients pre- and post- operation, views of patients showing the progression of specific treatments, or the various stages of diseases. After the war he organized his photographs into albums laying them out, anatomically from head to foot wounds, and loosely alphabetically by soldier’s name.
Bontecou’s images are beautifully posed, and the sitters seem almost serene in his gaze, elevating clinical photography to an art form. They speak a universal language of war, or rather, what it can do in human terms. Bontecou was a master of exposing the nature of the sitter. Beyond the wounds, the amputations, and the gangrene, the subject is presented as naturally as possible. It should be noted that smiling in photographs during this early period was very rare and the subject put on his best expression. Some images are further enhanced by Bontecou’s own red pen, detailing the trajectory of the bullet that impacted on the patient. These images, with the hand drawn lines, were part of his personal Harewood Hospital teaching album.
Also on view are his Cartes de Visites, an amazing visual document of the medical aspects of war and examples not equaled until fifty years later during WW1. The CDV album is the pioneering effort by one physician to document war wounds and to use photography to teach physicians how to care for these wounds. Due to their historical precedence there can be no doubt that Bontecou’s CDV album, kept at Harewood U. S. A. General hospital, is the premier medical photograph album of the Civil War. No other large compilations of war-time clinical images exist, with over 570 images. On view will be one page of the album, comprised of 12 single CDVs, and four single CDVs from The Amy Medical Museum, Photographs Contributed by R. B. Bontecou.
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| Dr. R.B. Bontecou's photo of Pvt. Robert Fryer |
Their faces are as telling as the wounds they suffered. Unlike Mathew Brady, who was a commercial photographer, Reed B. Bontecou was an army doctor: He took photographs of wounded Civil War soldiers in the first systematic attempt to study combat injuries and the procedures used to treat them.
"Robert Fryer, private, Co. G, 52d N.Y. Vols., aged 18" stares at us from an oval frame. His kepi is on his head, and against his uniform jacket with its long row of brass buttons he holds his right hand: Only his thumb and forefinger are left. His look expresses neither pain nor self-pity, but his troubled attempt to understand his experience.
There are two pictures of "David R. Templeton, Private Company A, 46 N.Y Vols., age 16, …. with gunshot wound of the head."
The first must have been taken soon after he lost his eye, since the left side of his face is covered with blood and he seems to be suffering.
In the second photo, he has been cleaned up and dressed, his hair combed, but his one open eye expresses the same dazed puzzlement as Pvt. Fryer.
Other soldiers have other parts of their bodies violated or missing. Dr. Bontecou's brief descriptions of where and how each patient was injured, the treatment he received and the outcome—"parts healed kindly," "gradually sank and died"—are posted in notebooks attached to the display cases.
Excerpts from Walt Whitman's "Specimen Days" describing his experiences working as a nurse in Union military hospitals provide context. The photographs come from the extraordinary collection of Stanley Burns, a New York physician.
Thanks to an overwhelming response from visitors, the Merchant's House Museum, in partnership with The Burns Archive, will extend the exhibition of photographs of wounded New York soldiers by army surgeon and native New Yorker Dr. Reed B. Bontecou that opened in April to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the start of the Civil War. More-than 100 images of human ruination are captioned with quotations from Walt Whitman's 1882 memoir, Specimen Days, in which he recounts his own horrifying experience as a volunteer nurse. According to Whitman, "The real war will never get in the books."
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| William Stewart, 3 NY Independent Battery. Aged 20 years, wounded at Petersburg, March 25, 1865. Gun shot wound of humerus, resection of head of right humerus. |
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| A View of One of the Displays of Bontecou's Photographs on Exhibit at the Merchant's House Museum. |
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| (The Burns Archive contributed the WWI photo upon which The Sojourn's cover was based.) |
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| Selections from The Burns Archives. Montage by Tim Milk. All photos courtesy The Burns Archive. |
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| Former President Howard Simon (A Surgeon) About to Cut the Cake with a Civil War Sword The CWRT of New York was organized in 1951 to keep alive the history of the Civil War. |
America's war on cancer? With 600,000 Americans dying of the disease each year, we're still a long way from declaring victory. But doctors have come a very long way in their abilities to detect and treat cancer - as these 19th Century photos make abundantly clear. They appear courtesy of New York ophthalmologist Dr. Stanley B. Burns, whose collection of early medical photography is one of the world's largest.
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| Visitors Enjoy the 7th Regiment Display |
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| Dr. Burns Adding Finishing Touches |
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| The Tersa Viele Civil War Photo Album |
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| Display Case With Civil War Surgical and Bone Specimen Photos Along with an Amputation Kit |
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| Stereoviews, Brady Images, a Tintype of Volunteer Nurses |
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| Postwar Books, Medals, and Stereoviews Among Other Items |
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| Some Battlefield Images, an Ambrotype of a Confederate Solder, The New York Herald & Harper's Weekly Papers |
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| One of Four Display Shelves/Tables of Bontecou Medical Images With Walt Whitman Excerpt from Specimen Days |
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| More Bontecou Images Below the Table |
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| Shelf of Bontecou Large 'Teaching Album' Photos (The Second Shelf Displays 'Contributed' Images) |
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| Dr. Burns Gives Jeff Rosenheim of The Metropolitan Museum of Art a Special Tour |
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| Guests Peruse Display Cabinets at the Reception |
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| In the Garden |
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| The Center Image is a Page from Dr.Bontecou's Wartime Album The Larger Images Are From His Later Album Below is the Sign From Bontecou's Private Practice |
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| The 7th Regiment Case. In The Corner is a Photo of Charles Cunard Co A 7th NY Wounded April 7th 1865 at The Battle of Bachelor's Home |
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| Dr. Stanley Burns at The Merchant's House Museum |
The Burns Archive is pleased to announce that the installation, reception and lecture for our Baltimore postmortem exhibit was a great success. Special thanks goes to Tom Beck, Chief Curator of the Albin O. Kuhn Gallery and his staff. Stay in touch, we will be posting a video of the lecture soon.
With over 300 linear feet of paper images and 6 cases containing ambrotypes, tintypes, daguerreotypes and more- it is the largest postmortem photography exhibit to date.
For as much as people of the 21st century avoid the subjects of death and postmortem photography, those of the 19th century embraced it. The living were depicted with their deceased loved ones with whom they were often not portrayed previously. The personal nature of postmortem imagery frequently makes it difficult for us to view memorial images from the past much less from our own time. This exhibition will survey memorial photography from the 19th through 21st centuries and show how the artistic efforts of the photographers contributed to the emotional qualities of the images. The imagery connects us across the generations to those who would have died unnoticed had they not been given by photographic means a kind of immortality.
Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery . University of Maryland, Baltimore County . 1000 Hilltop Circle . Baltimore MD 21250
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| Dr. Stanley Burns |
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| Installation View, First Room |
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| Postmortem Photo-Montage Images (Spirit Photo on Far Right) |
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| Postmortem Images with Family |
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| Contemporary Images by Todd Hochberg |
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| Mourning Dress |
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| One of Six Cases |
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| Coffin Plates |
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| First Case With Daguerreotypes & Ambrotypes of Children |
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| Second Case With Daguerreotypes & Ambrotypes of Children |
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| Dr. Burns Lecturing about His Postmortem Collection |
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| Reception Following the Lecture |
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| Dr. Burns With Tom Beck (Chief Curator) |