Civil War Book Review: Shooting Soldiers

Looking Wounded Soldiers in the Eye

Shooting Soldiers: Civil War Medical Photography by R. B. Bontecou showcases the Civil War photography of Dr. Reed Brockway Bontecou, Surgeon-in-Charge of Harewood General Hospital in Washington, D.C. This book is the first in a series of Bontecou’s photographs of identified soldiers from 101 regiments from the Harewood Hospital Album.

While the photographs may be graphic to some readers, it documents the high cost that soldiers paid for what they believed in a country of united states. Bontecou’s photographs, or carte de visites (CDV) were a result of the order by Surgeon General William A. Hammond to document the cases that the surgeons worked on, their treatment, and their outcomes. Many of Bontecou’s photographs helped illustrated the post-war publication of The Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion.

The artistry of Bontecou’s pictures has been recognized as among the highest levels of photographic art and helped make him a legend among medical photographers. “Due to their historical precedence there can be no doubt that Bontecou’s carte de visite album is the premier medical photograph album of the Civil War” (8). Included among the images are close-ups of patients in the OR and of surgeries in progress the earliest known of such views.

This volume also contains a sketch of Bontecou’s career, a history of the various images, and a brief summary of the last campaigns of the war. Each of the images identifies the soldier, what unit he belonged to, his wound, where received and date, treatment, and outcome. Some of the images have more information than others. The last few pages of the book list the battles, from the Wilderness to Appomattox, the soldiers in this book, their unit and plate number. Also included in this section are those with no battle listed and those who died of disease (not in battle). This book represents the earliest efforts of one physician to document war-related wounds and, by the use of photography, present to fellow physicians a way of caring for those wounds.

Shooting Soldiers is a well-written, fast and easy-to- read book. Each image gives the reader a look into the tragic costs of the most turbulent time in America’s history.

The author of this book, Dr. Stanley B. Burns, M.D., an internationally known historian, publisher, and archivist, is an ophthalmologist in New York City and Clinical Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center.

Peter J. D’Onofrio, Ph.D. is the president of the Society of Civil War Soldiers, Inc., the largest non-profit, tax-exempt, international educational group dedicated to the study and preservation of Civil War era medical and surgical techniques and the professionals who performed those techniques. He is also the editor/publisher of the Society’s quarterly Journal of Civil War Medicine. He can be reached at socwsurgeons@aol.com or through the web site at www.civilwarsurgeons.org.

To Learn more about Civil War Book Review, Louisiana State University Libraries' Special Collections please visit www.cwbr.com

To Purchase Shooting Soldiers, visit our online book store http://burnspress.com/

UPCOMING LECTURE: PHOTOGRAPHING THE DEAD

THE HISTORY OF POSTMORTEM PHOTOGRAPHY FROM THE BURNS COLLECTION AND ARCHIVE 

 
ILLUSTRATED LECTURE AND BOOK SIGNING WITH STANLEY B. BURNS, MD

 

 Observatory: 543 Union Street (at Nevins), Brooklyn, NY 11215
Monday, December 5th, 8:00pm, Admission: $5

 Presented by Morbid Anatomy

Postmortem photography, photographing a deceased person, was a common practice in the 19th and early 20th centuries. These photographs, from the beginning of the practice until now, are special mementos that hold deep meaning for mourners through visually “embalming” the dead. Although postmortem photographs make up the largest group of nineteenth-century American genre photographs, until recent years they were largely unseen and unknown. Dr. Burns recognized the importance of this phenomenon in his early collecting when he bought his first postmortem photographs in 1976. Since that time he has amassed the most comprehensive collection of postmortem photography in the world and has curated several exhibits and published three books on the subject: the Sleeping Beauty series. Tonight, Dr. Burns will speak about the practice of postmortem photography from the 19th century until today and share hundreds of images from his collection.

About Sleeping Beauty: Dr. Burns’ first book on postmortem photography, Sleeping Beauty: Memorial Photography in America (1990) has been widely recognized as one of the most important photography books of all time. Sleeping Beauty has influenced an eclectic array of fields, from bereavement counseling and education to cultural anthropology, history, medicine, philosophy, religion and spirituality (not to mention pop music) and has been cited in debates on the death penalty, euthanasia and abortion. It has been the subject of numerous scholarly papers as well as seminars and exhibitions at notable institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art and The New Museum of Contemporary Art. A decade later the Archive published Sleeping Beauty II: Grief, Bereavement & The Family in Memorial Photography American & European Traditions in conjunction with an exhibit at the Musée d’Orsay. Sleeping Beauty III Memorial Photography: The Children, the third installment in this series was released this year to accompany a traveling exhibition.

To learn about Burns Archive Press titles PLEASE VISIT OUR ONLINE BOOK STORE

These titles will be available for sale & signing at Observatory the night of the lecture:
 
Sleeping Beauty III Memorial Photography: The Children
Sleeping Beauty II: Grief, Bereavement & The Family in Memorial Photography… 
Shooting Soldiers: Civil War Medical Photography by R.B. Bontecou 
News Art: Manipulated Photographs from the Burns Archive
Deadly Intent, Crime & Punishment: Photographs from the Burns Archive 
Seeing Insanity: Photography & The Depiction of Mental Illness 

Below are a few of the hundreds of images that will be discussed: 

     

Mirrors and Reflections: Reception Tomorrow Night

RECEPTION NOVEMBER 17, 6-8 PM
November 17, 2011 through January 7, 2012  

Robert Anderson Gallery, 24 West 57th Street, Suite 503, New York, NY, 10019

Mirrors and Reflections:

A Group Show Curated by Evelyne Z. Daitz of the Witkin Gallery and and Alison Bradley

Inspired by Edward Steichen’s photograph, The Little Round Mirror, 1906, Mirrors and Reflections is a tour de force of photographs of reflective surfaces of all sorts. Just as the mirror is integral to the camera, so it seems photographers are inseparable from their fascination with mirrored images. Water, mirrors, glass, open windows seen through mirrors, iconic buildings reflected in puddles, portraiture, and landscapes writ large the exhibition includes work by artists such as Atget, Brassai, Rudy Burckhardt, Elliott Erwitt, Lillian Bassman, Michael Eastman, Andre Kertesz, Steichen, Wayne Source, George Tice, Barbara Mensch, Joan Murray, Geoff Winningham, and Henry Wolf, self portraits by Manuel Alvarez Bravo, Eduard Boubat and anonymous photographs as well as a 19th Century hand painted image of Geishas. Robert Anderson Gallery is very happy to be working with Curator Evelyne Z. Daitz, Witkin Gallery, on this special holiday show. 

The Burns Collection is participating with four vintage photographs.

This exhibition is a great opportunity to view a spectacular line-up of photographers.

Here is a preview of the photographs on display from The Burns Collection, including a rare hand-tinted albumen print by Kusakabe Kimbei:

Exhibition Update: Shadow and Substance at the NY State Museum

New York State Museum Photography Gallery

222 Madison Ave, Albany, NY 12230.

Saturday, October 15, 2011 - Saturday, March 31, 2012 

Monday - Saturday, 9:30 AM - 5:00 PM 
Closed Sundays 
Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day

The 113 images in Shadow and Substance include portraits, snapshots and photographs documenting industries, property and events related to the African-American experience from the beginning of photography to today.

Originally presented by the Indiana State Museum, Indianapolis, and curated by Modupe Labode, Ph.D., History and Public Scholar of African-American History at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, the exhibition focuses on a wide range of themes: Bondage and Freedom; Civil War and Reconstruction; The Nadir; Jim Crow and Lynching; Community Life; Family Albums; Black Reflections on Black life; and Celebrations.

Here is a preview slideshow of the installation at The New York State Museum:

 To Learn More About This Traveling Exhibition and How You Can Participate

Please Visit HERE

Bellevue Literary Review 10th Anniversary Celebration

A unique contribution to both literature and medicine, the Bellevue Literary Review publishes works of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry that touch upon relationships to illness, health, and healing. It is published by the Department of Medicine twice a year. Over the past decade, the BLR has flourished, becoming a prominent voice in the field of narrative medicine and in the literary magazine community at large.

The Bellevue Literary Review celebrated their 10th anniversary with a reading followed by a reception at The Bellevue Hospital Rotunda in New York City this past Sunday, October 30.
 

Slide Show of the Reading and Celebration (click images to enlarge):


Readers Featured:

Paul Harding’s novel, Tinkers, published by the Bellevue Literary Press, won the 2010 Pulitzer Prize for fiction. He is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship and the PEN/Robert Bingham Fellowship for Writers. He has taught writing at Harvard University, The Iowa Writers’ Workshop, and Grinnell College. His second novel, Enon, is forthcoming.

David Oshinsky holds the Jack S. Blanton Chair in History at the University of Texas and is a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at New York University. His books include Polio: An American Story, which won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 2006. His essays and reviews appear regularly in The New York Times and other publications.

Louise Blecher Rose has published a novel, The Launching of Barbara Fabrikant, and a number of stories in Redbook Magazine. She taught in the Columbia Undergraduate Writing program for twenty-five years, received an NEA grant for a second novel, and is currently teaching literature and creative writing in Brooklyn and Patchogue at St. Joseph’s College.

Hal Sirowitz is the author of six collections of poetry with one forthcoming from Backwaters Press in Nebraska. He also has poems in an anthology, Beauty Is a Verb, which is about disabilities.

Rachel Hadas is Board of Governors Professor of English at the Newark campus of Rutgers University. The most recent among her many books is a volume of poetry, The Ache of AppetiteStrange Relation: A Memoir of Marriage, Dementia, and Poetry (Copper Beech Press) and a memoir, (Paul Dry Books).

To learn more about The Bellevue Literary Review and The Burns Archive Prize for Nonfiction (supported by Stanley B. Burns, MD) Click HERE.

American Academy of Ophthalmology Exhibition

The American Academy of Ophthalmology's Museum of Vision presented “Picturing the Eye: Ophthalmic Photography and Film,” an exhibit focused on the extraordinary power of ophthalmic imaging. While images of eyes and eye disease have been made almost since man was able to draw, the superiority of photography and film to capture the exact nature of disease and its cure is without parallel.

A concise history of the profession highlighting some major achievements and iconic photographs will be on display from Stanley B. Burns, MD and the Burns Archive – the nation's largest collection of medical photography. The Museum of Vision will exhibit camera equipment, period photographs, stereographs the Ophthalmic Photographers' Society, entitled “Our Ophthalmic Heritage: The Evolution of Ophthalmic Imaging.”

“Both the exhibit and the accompanying symposium are completely unique ways to illustrate a truly fascinating part of our ophthalmic heritage,” said Jenny Benjamin, Director of the Museum of Vision. “While images of eyes and eye disease have been created since the dawn of humankind, the greatness of photography and film in capturing the exact nature of disease and its cure is without parallel.”

View images from the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting in the slide show below (click to to enlarge images):

To learn more about the history of Ophthalmic Photography read 

Dr. Burns' Ophthalmology: A Photographic History 1845-1945

And Visit The Museum of Vision

655 Beach Street  San Francisco, CA

Burns Archive Exhibition Reviewed in The New Yorker

Goings On About Town: Art

Reed Bontecou

Bontecou, the head surgeon at a Washington, D.C., Army hospital during the Civil War, photographed wounded soldiers to document their injuries and treatment. His sepia-toned albumen prints were mounted in the elegant oval formats typical of the period’s popular carte-de-visite portraits, and his subjects do their best to strike a formal pose while half dressed and badly hurt. In the nearly fifty small examples here, grave young men display amputated limbs, bullet wounds, missing fingers, and disfigured faces. But Bontecou’s sympathy turns what could be mere medical curiosities into true portraits—complicated, touching, and unsettling. Through Nov. 12.

Through November 12

Anderson

24 W. 57th St., New York, NY

646-455-0393

robertandersongallery.com

Read more http://www.newyorker.com/arts/events/art/reed-bontecou-anderson#ixzz1c1ShBiZG

New York State Museum Exhibits Historic African American Photos from The Burns Archive

Shadow and Substance: African American Images from the Burns Archive

Saturday, October 15, 2011 - Saturday, March 31, 2012
 
New York State Museum Photography Gallery

Cultural Education Center, Madison Avenue, Albany, NY
Monday - Saturday, 9:30 AM - 5:00 PM
Closed Sundays, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Year's Day
The NYS Museum is free. Donations are accepted at the door.

artdaily.org

ALBANY, NY.- Shadow and Substance: African American Images from The Burns Archive -- opened at the New York State Museum October 15, showcasing rarely-seen photographs from one of the largest private photography collections in the world.

Open through March 31, 2012 in the Photography Gallery, the exhibition allows the viewer to perceive how African-Americans were seen by others and how they wished to be seen. These images do not tell a complete story of the past, but their eloquent shadows provide unique glimpses into the lives of African-Americans over the past 160 years.

The 113 images in Shadow and Substance include portraits, snapshots and photographs of celebration, tragedy and quiet joy, work and family, strength and perseverance. From early images of slaves and Civil War soldiers to new voters and political activists, the exhibition is filled with illustrations of achievement and shocking evidence of intolerance. Some images may not be suitable for young children.

The images were culled from the comprehensive Burns Archive of Historic Vintage Photographs that include specializations in medical and health care, death and dying, sports and recreation, in addition to images of African-Americans. The collection was amassed by Dr. Stanley B. Burns, an ophthalmologist, collector and curator in New York City who was the founding donor for several photography collections, including those of the J. Paul Getty Museum and the Bronx Museum of the Arts. Burns has authored several books including “A Morning’s Work: Medical Photographs from the Burns Archive & Collection, 1843-1939”; “Sleeping Beauty: Memorial Photography in America” and “Forgotten Marriage: The Painted Tintype and Decorative Frame, 1860-1910.”

The traveling exhibition is organized by the Indiana State Museum and curated by Dr. Modupe Labode, assistant professor of history and public scholar of African-American History and Museum Studies at Indiana University.

Reception: Masterpieces of Civil War Portraiture at The Robert Anderson Gallery

RECEPTION TONIGHT: Masterpieces of Civil War Portraiture at The Robert Anderson Gallery

Thomas Yourall, Private Company C, 3rd US Artillery

Reception Oct 6, 6-8pm. 

Robert Anderson Gallery Presents: 

Reed Bontecou: Masterpieces of Civil War Portraiture from the Burns Collection.

Robert Anderson Gallery

24 West 57th Street, Suite 503

New York, NY, 10019

On View Through Nov 12, 2011  

Hours: 11am -6pm, Tues - Saturday 

Reed Bontecou: Masterpieces of Civil War Portraiture at The Robert Anderson Gallery

     The Burns Archive is pleased to announce the opening of the first major commercial exhibition of Reed B. Bontecou, MD’s Civil War photography. Bontecou’s photographs challenge the master photographers of his era.
 

Sepember 28 - Nov 12, 2011  

Reception Oct 6, 6-8pm

Robert Anderson Gallery24 West 57th Street, Suite 503
New York, NY, 10019
Hours: 11am -6pm, Tues - Saturday

Robert Anderson Gallery Press Release:

The 43 albumen photographs on view at Robert Anderson Gallery compromise a rare, and for the most part, first time ever public view of the unique medical images by Reed Brockway Bontecou, MD, Surgeon in-Charge of Harewood U.S. Army General Hospital, Washington, D.C., from the Collection of Stanley B. Burns, MD.  In recognition of the sesquicentennial of the Civil War, Robert Anderson Gallery offers this rare collection of albumen portraits and cartes de visites of wounded soldiers, selected from Bontecou’s personal albums.  The photographs represent a unique opportunity to view some of the most moving documents of the Civil War and the associated human casualties. 

Reed Bontecou was responsible for pioneering, and taking, the largest number of photographs of wounded soldiers during the Civil War and was the single largest contributor of photographs and specimens to the Army Medical Museum and medical publications of the time. His close up images of surgery, anesthesia, and patients posing with their pathological specimens were unique to his time. Many photographs are of patients pre- and post- operation, views of patients showing the progression of specific treatments, or the various stages of diseases. After the war he organized his photographs into albums laying them out, anatomically from head to foot wounds, and loosely alphabetically by soldier’s name.

Bontecou’s images are beautifully posed, and the sitters seem almost serene in his gaze, elevating clinical photography to an art form. They speak a universal language of war, or rather, what it can do in human terms. Bontecou was a master of exposing the nature of the sitter. Beyond the wounds, the amputations, and the gangrene, the subject is presented as naturally as possible. It should be noted that smiling in photographs during this early period was very rare and the subject put on his best expression. Some images are further enhanced by Bontecou’s own red pen, detailing the trajectory of the bullet that impacted on the patient. These images, with the hand drawn lines, were part of his personal Harewood Hospital teaching album.

Also on view are his Cartes de Visites, an amazing visual document of the medical aspects of war and examples not equaled until fifty years later during WW1. The CDV album is the pioneering effort by one physician to document war wounds and to use photography to teach physicians how to care for these wounds. Due to their historical precedence there can be no doubt that Bontecou’s CDV album, kept at Harewood U. S. A. General hospital, is the premier medical photograph album of the Civil War.  No other large compilations of war-time clinical images exist, with over 570 images. On view will be one page of the album, comprised of 12 single CDVs, and four single CDVs from The Amy Medical Museum, Photographs Contributed by R. B. Bontecou.

The Museum of Vision: Picturing the Eye: Ophthalmic Photography and Film

Ophthalmic Heritage to be Highlighted at the American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting in Orlando

“Picturing the Eye: Ophthalmic Photography and Film” will be on display during show hours Oct. 22 through 25 in the Orange County Convention Center, Level 2, Hall A4, Booth #1266.

The “Our Ophthalmic Heritage: The Evolution of Ophthalmic Imaging” symposium will be held on Monday, Oct. 24, from 12:15 to 1:45 p.m. in room W414ab at the Orange County Convention Center and is open to all meeting attendees.

"A number of pieces are on loan from Stanley B. Burns, MD, and the Burns Archive in New York City. Dr. Burns is an ophthalmologist with a photo collection of 700,000 images. His collection of medical photography is the nation’s largest, with 40,000 images dating from the 1840s to the 1920s, with several thousand more from the 1930s to 1996. The Museum of Vision will also exhibit camera equipment, period photographs, stereo-graphs and atlases from its own collection. Four screens will also show selections from the Academy archives film collection containing early footage of cataract, retinal and other surgeries."




A few of the many Burns Archive pieces to be displayed:

PRESS RELEASE: 
San Francisco, CA (PRWEB)

The Museum of Vision, a public service program of the Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, will be showcasing a very special exhibit at the American Academy of Ophthalmology’s 2011 Annual Meeting in October in Orlando. The Museum’s “Picturing the Eye: Ophthalmic Photography and Film” exhibit will explore the extraordinary power of ophthalmic imaging through photography and film.

In addition to the exhibit, the Museum of Vision will co-sponsor the symposium “Our Ophthalmic Heritage: The Evolution of Ophthalmic Imaging” with the Ophthalmic Photographers’ Society.

Images of the eye and eye disease have been made almost since man was able to draw. This Museum’s exhibit will highlight the history of ophthalmology as a profession and its achievements related to imaging and iconic photographs while the symposium will discuss ophthalmic illustration, the discovery of photography and its application to ophthalmology, and the development of fluorescein angiography.

“Both the exhibit and the accompanying symposium are completely unique ways to illustrate a truly fascinating part of our ophthalmic heritage,” said Jenny Benjamin, Director of the Museum of Vision. “While images of eyes and eye disease have been created since the dawn of humankind, the greatness of photography and film in capturing the exact nature of disease and its cure is without parallel.”

About the American Academy of Ophthalmology
The American Academy of Ophthalmology is the world’s largest association of eye physicians and surgeons — Eye M.D.s — with more than 30,000 members worldwide. Eye health care is provided by the three “O’s” – ophthalmologists, optometrists, and opticians. It is the ophthalmologist, or Eye M.D., who can treat it all: eye diseases, infections and injuries, and perform eye surgery. For more information, visit http://www.aao.org.

About The Museum of Vision
The Museum of Vision is an educational program of The Foundation of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. It is the only institution in the United States whose sole purpose is to preserve the history of ophthalmology and celebrate its unique contributions to science and health. The Museum of Vision strives to inspire an appreciation of vision science, the ophthalmic professions and contributions made toward preventing blindness. For more information on the Museum of Vision, visit http://www.museumofvision.org.

19th Century Exercise Photos

Victorians shed their corsets and trousers to display stretching techniques:

The Wall Street Journal Reviews Burns Archive Exhibit:

Dr. R.B. Bontecou's photo of Pvt. Robert Fryer

Shadows and Light Somewhere in Time
Wall Street Journal, July 16, 2011
by William Meyers

Their faces are as telling as the wounds they suffered. Unlike Mathew Brady, who was a commercial photographer, Reed B. Bontecou was an army doctor: He took photographs of wounded Civil War soldiers in the first systematic attempt to study combat injuries and the procedures used to treat them. 

"Robert Fryer, private, Co. G, 52d N.Y. Vols., aged 18" stares at us from an oval frame. His kepi is on his head, and against his uniform jacket with its long row of brass buttons he holds his right hand: Only his thumb and forefinger are left. His look expresses neither pain nor self-pity, but his troubled attempt to understand his experience. 

There are two pictures of "David R. Templeton, Private Company A, 46 N.Y Vols., age 16, …. with gunshot wound of the head." 

The first must have been taken soon after he lost his eye, since the left side of his face is covered with blood and he seems to be suffering.
In the second photo, he has been cleaned up and dressed, his hair combed, but his one open eye expresses the same dazed puzzlement as Pvt. Fryer. 

Other soldiers have other parts of their bodies violated or missing. Dr. Bontecou's brief descriptions of where and how each patient was injured, the treatment he received and the outcome—"parts healed kindly," "gradually sank and died"—are posted in notebooks attached to the display cases. 

Excerpts from Walt Whitman's "Specimen Days" describing his experiences working as a nurse in Union military hospitals provide context. The photographs come from the extraordinary collection of Stanley Burns, a New York physician.

Civil War Exhibit Extended Until August 29

NEW YORK'S CIVIL WAR SOLDIERS

Photographs of Dr. R. B. Bontecou, Words of Walt Whitman. 

EXTENDED THROUGH AUGUST 29, 2011

Merchant's House Museum, 29 East Fourth Street, NY, NY

From Broadway World.com

Thanks to an overwhelming response from visitors, the Merchant's House Museum, in partnership with The Burns Archive, will extend the exhibition of photographs of wounded New York soldiers by army surgeon and native New Yorker Dr. Reed B. Bontecou that opened in April to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the start of the Civil War. More-than 100 images of human ruination are captioned with quotations from Walt Whitman's 1882 memoir, Specimen Days, in which he recounts his own horrifying experience as a volunteer nurse. According to Whitman, "The real war will never get in the books."

William Stewart, 3 NY Independent Battery.
 Aged 20 years, wounded at Petersburg, March 25, 1865.
Gun shot wound of humerus, resection of head of right humerus. 

A View of One of the Displays of Bontecou's Photographs
on Exhibit at the Merchant's House Museum.

Psychiatric Images in The Ward (film), Village Voice Mention

We are pleased to announce that John Carpenter's The Ward opens today.The opening credits of the film feature several Burns Archive Images. Other films that feature Burns Archive images are The Haunting in Connecticut, The Others and Jacob's Ladder (+ many more).

The Village Voice mentions the images in the opening credits as one of the highlights of the film:


Ensemble Therapy: John Carpenter Returns With The Ward (Village Voice)
By Nick Pinkerton Wednesday, Jul 6, 2011


"...The Ward keeps its claws in a viewer, though it never wholly attains the promise of its opening credits. Beautiful and atmospheric representatives of a lost art, the credits themselves show images of madness, including woodcuts and antique lobotomy photos, on shattering panes of glass whose shards float across the screen in slow motion."


Other Psychiatric Images From The Burns Archive Can Be Found In Burns Press Titles: Patients and Promise: A Photographic History of Mental & Mood Disorders and

Seeing Insanity: Photography & The Depiction of Mental Illness

        

Also check out our past blog about Psychiatric Hospital Restraints HERE

Photo-Eye Picks Two Burns Press Titles In 'Book-A-Day' Curated Selection

We are pleased to announce that Sleeping Beauty III Memorial Photography: The Children was chosen as the 'Book-A-Day' June 22 and Shooting Soldiers Civil War Medical Photography by R.B. Bontecou was picked as today's feature. Our new releases will now be available on photo-eye as well as www.burnspress.com.

A Celebration for Bellevue Literary Press at The National Arts Club

Yesterday evening The Burns Archive was pleased to celebrate the anniversary Bellevue Literary Press's Pulitzer Prize winning title Tinkers. There were dramatic readings by actors Louis Cancelmi, Kathleen Butler and Bob Jaffe. The books read were Tinkers by Paul Harding, winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Widow by Michelle Latiolais and The Sojourn by Andrew Krivak. 

(The Burns Archive contributed the WWI photo upon which The Sojourn's cover was based.)

Bellevue Literary Press raises important issues that affect us all regarding illness, the human experience in the practice of medicine, and science policy, promotes science literacy in unaccustomed ways, and contributes to society new tools for thinking about our world. http://www.blpbooks.org/

Dr. Burns was happy to hear author Paul Harding mention that he was very interested in some postmortem photography books he had been eyeing in a local rare book shop for years. To Harding's surprise Dr. Burns explained that he was the creator of those books and that they are The Burns Archive's Sleeping Beauty Series. They were both happy to trade works.

New York Times: The Local East Village Covers Burns Archive Civil War Exhibit

Selections from The Burns Archives. Montage by Tim Milk. All photos courtesy The Burns Archive.

We are pleased to announce that our exhibition at The Merchant's House Museum was featured by The New York Times Local by Tim Milk. To read the article The Pain of War at The Merchants House click HERE.

If you still haven't made it to The Merchant's House to see the exhibit there is still time!

New York's Civil War Soldiers – 

Photographs of Dr. R. B. Bontecou, Words of Walt Whitman.

Through Monday, August 1

Merchant's House Museum

29 East Fourth Street, New York, NY 10003

Open 12 to 5 p.m., Monday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday & Sunday. 


To purchase our new photography book Shooting Soldiers: Civil War Medical Photography by R. B. Bontecou visit www.burnspress.com.

Still Breathing: Respiratory Images From The Burns Archive

This is a classic pose of a French physician listening to a patient’s chest with a monaural stethoscope. He is demonstrating the proper use and position of the instrument. European physicians used and posed with monaural stethoscopes until the mid-1930s. The monaural stethoscope invented in 1818 by French physician, Rene Laennec, remained the standard instrument for examining the chest in much of the world, because of European influences. In 1855, an American, Dr. G. Cammann, produced a practical and superior instrument, the binaural stethoscope with flexible rubber tubing. The binaural scope not only offered better acoustics but ambient sound was drowned out because both ears were used. Another major advantage is illustrated in this photograph. Not only did the short, about 7 inch, monaural instrument require physician to get close a patient who often had severe, contagious, infectious disease but the instrument also had to be placed squarely on the skin, again putting the physician uncomfortably close. The long rubber tubes of the binaural stethoscope allowed the physician to listen to the chest at a safer distance.

The population in a city’s poor and immigrant neighborhoods often mistrusted mainstream doctors. They preferred to be treated by self-medication and non-traditional therapies offered by local practitioners or street vendors. Too often the ailment turned out to be tuberculosis. While this nineteenth century scourge cut across all social classes it particularly struck those living in poorly ventilated cramped, city slums. This well dressed street doctor advertises his cough elixir to Londoners in 1877 claiming “Prevention better than Cure”. The doctor’s high shoes indicate a shortened leg-problem. English social photographer, John Thomson, took this picture for his book on street life in London. Patent medicines appeared to help most patients, as their base was usually alcohol, opium or some other powerful agent. 

The color dramatically draws attention to the raw, eaten away appearance of this patient’s face. Lupus, was a generic term used to describe any of the conditions in which a patient’s face looked like as thought it had been chewed by a wolf (Latin ­lupus). This is a case of superficial and deep tissue infection by tuberculosis. Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis were quite common in the pre-antibiotic era and had to be differentiated from syphilis. These ‘lupus’ patients often wore masks or covered their face when in public. Because the public could not often identify the difference between the facial deformities caused tuberculosis from those caused by syphilis, social ostracism became the norm.

There was one problem with extensive loss of the nose that was difficult to hide, the dreaded infection ‘ozena.’ Ozena was an ailment of much prominence in the pre-bacteriological/antibiotic era because it accompanied many infectious and neoplastic diseases of the nose. Ozena is derived from the Greek word meaning ‘to stink’. The infection of the nasal cavities resulted in a foul nasal discharge and a fetid breath. Nasal sprays or the inhalation of various chemical vapors were often prescribed. With the development of bacteriology the organisms causing ozena were identified as Klebsiella ozena and Bacillus foetidus. With the conquest by antibiotics of tuberculosis and syphilis ozena is mainly seen today as a manifestation of atrophic rhinitis, a marked degeneration of the nasal mucosa. This occurs most commonly as a hereditary malady but is also associated with the injudicious use of nasal sprays and drops.

Physicians advertising began as photographic technology improved and the costs reduced. In Terra Haute, Indiana, Dr J. S. Gordon promoted himself as ‘The Developer of The Lung Renovator - The Great Lung Therapy.’ Lung disease was the number one killer in the nineteenth century and some physicians capitalized on the publics need for a therapy. Some of the efforts were laudable while others were not.

Under developed lungs with concomitant respiratory distress is among the serious problems a premature infant faces and one of the leading causes of their death. One of the marvels at the turn of the century was the invention of the incubator by Marx of New York. The incubator was used to treat and nurture premature infants delivering warm air to a vented closed heated container. The simple warmth helped babies survive. Although today younger and younger infants are surviving because of the care received in the modern neonatal units, respiratory function remains one of the major hurdles.

It was the pioneer work of Danish physician, Neils Ryberg Finsen, M.D. (1860-1904) in light therapy that set other minds working to develop a wide range of light treatment modalities from heliotherapy to the sun lamp. In 1893, in Copenhagen, he began his experiments showing ultraviolet rays either stimulated growth or killed the bacteria in lower organisms. In further research he studied the effect of light on living organisms and by 1896, had created the field of “phototherapy.” Finsen was able to demonstrate that invisible ultraviolet light, had therapeutic value.

In the last decades of the nineteenth century Edward Livingston Trudeau, M.D. (1848-1915) and others established the efficacy of rest and fresh air treatment for tuberculosis and other chronic lung conditions. By the end of the first decade of the twentieth century hundreds of outdoor hospitals, sanitariums and rest homes were established in the United States. The most common type of tuberculosis quarters were associated with an established hospital.  On hospital grounds hundreds of private isolation huts as seen here were built. Nurses and doctors made rounds on the patients as if they were on one huge ward. Many patients were housed for extended periods of times sometimes for years. In the charity hospitals of the era working class patients were housed in long wards with outdoor terraces or in good whether beds or cots were brought outside for their use. In some localities public and social conscious societies paid for patients to have some time of the year at special isolation camps.

More In-depth Accounts Of These Stories and Many Others Can Be Found In:

RESPIRATORY DISEASE: A Photographic History, 1845-1945 (4 Volumes)

Civil War Round Table 60th Anniversary Dinner

Former President Howard Simon (A Surgeon) About to Cut the Cake with a Civil War Sword
The CWRT of New York was organized in 1951 to keep alive the history of the Civil War.

It should not surprise anyone that many people remain deeply interested in that unusual period of American history from 1861 to 1865. The Civil War, known by many other names in different parts of the country, has been romanticized and militarily dissected more than any other war in history.

To help keep the history of the time alive, a number of men and women organized The Civil War Round Table of New York in 1951. They included reporters, historians, professors, military personnel and many others. Over the years, more than 175 such organizations have brought together people interested in the war.

To Learn More Visit the NY Civil War Roundtable Website HERE

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